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UNIT I
Introduction to Biochemistry
1
Introduction to Biochemistry
- Scope and importance of biochemistry
- Cell structure: plant cell, animal cell, different organelles, structure and function
- Structure of water
- Acid-base concept
- Buffer and pH
- Hydrogen bonding
- Hydrophobic, electrostatic and van der Waals forces
UNIT II
Core Biochemistry Foundations
1
Bioenergetics
- Fundamentals of thermodynamic principles applicable to biological processes
- Bioenergetics
2
Biomolecules
- Classification, structure and functions of carbohydrates
- Classification, structure and functions of lipids
- Classification, structure and functions of amino acids
- Classification, structure and functions of proteins
- Nucleic acids: structure, functions and properties
3
Enzymes and Vitamins
- Classification of enzymes
-
Factors affecting enzyme activity:
- Substrate concentration
- Enzyme concentration
- Temperature
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Mechanism of enzyme action:
- Ribonuclease A
- Chymotrypsin
- Lysozyme
- Structure, biological functions and classification of vitamins
- Hormones: animals, plants and insects
4
Metabolism
- Basic concept, catabolism, anabolism
-
Metabolism of carbohydrates:
- Glycolysis
- TCA cycle
- Pentose phosphate pathway
- Glyoxylate cycle
- Electron transport chain
- Fatty acid oxidation
- Oxidative phosphorylation
- Metabolism of lipids
- Metabolism of proteins
- Metabolism of nucleic acids
- General reactions of amino acid degradation
UNIT III
Secondary Metabolites and Applications
1
Secondary Metabolites
- Secondary metabolites role and classification
- Terpenoids, alkaloids, phenolics and their applications in food and pharmaceutical industries
- Recombinant DNA technology
- Secondary metabolites: terpenoids
- Alkaloids, phenolics and their applications in food and pharmaceutical industries
