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I. Introduction to Immunology
B. Basic concepts
1. Definitions
2. Importance of immunology
3. Components of the immune system
II. Innate Immunity
A. Anatomical barriers
1. Skin
2. Mucous membranes
B. Cellular components
1. Macrophages
2. Neutrophils
3. Natural Killer (NK) cells
C. Soluble mediators
1. Complement system
2. Cytokines
III. Adaptive Immunity
A. Cell-mediated immunity
1. T lymphocytes
a. T cell receptors (TCRs)
b. Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC)
c. T cell activation and differentiation
2. Cytotoxic T cells
3. Helper T cells
B. Humoral immunity
1. B lymphocytes
a. B cell receptors (BCRs)
b. Antibody structure and function
c. B cell activation and differentiation
2. Plasma cells
3. Memory B cells
IV. Antigen Recognition and Presentation
A. Antigen processing
1. Endogenous pathway
2. Exogenous pathway
B. Antigen presentation
1. MHC class I
2. MHC class II
V. Immunological Techniques
A. Serological techniques
1. ELISA
2. Western blotting
B. Flow cytometry
C. Immunohistochemistry
VI. Immunological Disorders
A. Hypersensitivity reactions
1. Type I - Immediate hypersensitivity
2. Type II - Antibody-mediated hypersensitivity
3. Type III - Immune complex-mediated hypersensitivity
4. Type IV - Delayed-type hypersensitivity
B. Autoimmune diseases
1. Rheumatoid arthritis
2. Multiple sclerosis
3. Systemic lupus erythematosus
C. Immunodeficiency disorders
1. Primary immunodeficiencies
2. Secondary immunodeficiencies
VII. Vaccines and Immunotherapy
A. Types of vaccines
1. Live attenuated vaccines
2. Inactivated vaccines
3. Subunit vaccines
B. Immunotherapy approaches
1. Monoclonal antibodies
2. Adoptive cell therapy
3. Checkpoint inhibitors
VIII. Immunogenetics
A. Genetics of the immune system
1. HLA genes
2. Immunoglobulin genes
B. Immunogenetic diseases
1. HLA-associated diseases
2. Immunoglobulin gene rearrangement disorders
IX. Immunological Research and Future Directions
A. Current trends in immunology research
B. Emerging technologies
1. Single-cell sequencing
2. CRISPR/Cas9 in immunology
C. Future prospects and challenges